In first FIV attacks some types of CD4 can disappear, leaving gaps in immune defense. Immune restoration looks for ways to fill those gaps.
Therapies that stimulate the thymus to produce new T-cells could help FIV-infected patients to rebuild that embattled immune system. The size of the thymus correspond to the number of T cells circulating in the patient's blood. Melatonin and arginine increase thymic mass. Pet Dophilus contains growth factors.
Researchers have found that, an average people with HIV/AIDS have less than normal levels of thymic hormones in their blood. Thymus extracts like Thymic Protein A and Thym-Uvocal replace thymus hormones. Oleic and linoleic acid stimulate bone marrow to replicate stem cells.
AMD3100 CXCR4 inhibitor and Bone Marrow stimulate 0.5 mg/kg q12h SQ drug study by Christiane Stengel
The hope was that blocking the CXCR4 receptor would block the entry way of the AIDs virus into T-cells. As it turns out, the virus has access to it victim cells through one or even more back doors, and except in a few strains of the virus, it is not limited to CXCR4 alone. So, while AMD3100 is a disappointment in AIDs community, it mode of action may be of value in other areas. This was from HIV study which did not test from people that had only CXCR4 T-cells, but results from FIV did not seem all that great either. FIV study was maybe too short of a test for 6 weeks.
In a study on FIV cats showed the effect on CD4+ is negligible, although it did stem the erosion seen in the control group. It signficantly increased neutrophils, had only a minor effect on lymphocytes (+600 or so in 6 weeks), but the gain in multipotential stem cells in the peripheral blood is probably of value.
Clinical response was very significant: "...in the AMD and in the AMD/PMEA group the owners reported after the therapy that the animals were remarkably attentively, active and movement joyful, contrary to before frequently sleep need shown and pronounced. This increase of the well-being continued up to ten months after therapy end".
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FRONT END
Green Tea Phytosome inhibits CXCR4 in vitro
Theaflavins from TeaFlavin Black Tea extract inhibits gp-41 in vitro.
Too high doseage on tea capsules can cause liver damage...caffeine is toxic to cats
Forsythia inhibits SDF-a/CXCR4 in vitro
Prunella vulgaris inhibits gp-41
Lactoferrin inhibits B-cell, Dc-Sign
Glycyrrhizinate Forte inhibits aborption, CCR5
Chinese Scullcap inhibits CXCR4, CCR5
Grape Seed inhibits CCR5, CCR3, CCR2
Nelumbo nucifera inhibits ITK
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TRANSCRIPTION
Alpha lipoic acid NF-kB, AP-1
Prednisolone (Drug) NF-kB
**
MARROW PLUS treat anemia
www.askariel.com/product_details.asp?itemid=anemia
Spatholobus root, Ho-shou-wu root, ligustrum fruit, Cynamorium plant, Epimedium herb, Cistanche salsa herb, Rubus fruit, Rehmannia, Tang kuei root, Deer antler sediment, Morinda root, Eucommia bark, Zanthoxlum fruit, Cinammon bark, Evodia fruit, Fu shen sclerotium
**
Antler 8 treat anemia
deer antler, salvia, rehmannia, polygonatum, ginseng, tang kuei, aquilaria, cardomon
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Pet Dophilus (JARROW) treat wasting and intestinal health
Probiotic Bacteria, Vitamin C, Metabolin, Whey Protein
**
Shi Quan Da Bu Tang stimulation of bone marrow for treating anemia, neutropenia, and wasting.
Astragalus membranaceus, Cinnamomi cortex, Rehmanniae radix, Paeoniae radix, Enidii rhizoma, Atractylodis lanceqe rhizoma, Angel radix, Ginseng radix, Hoelen, Glcycrrhizae radix
**
IMMU-25
Rani P.U, Naidu M.U.R, Raju Y.S. India
Ocimun sanctum 100mg, Withania somnifera 100mg, Emblica officinalis 100mg, Tinospora cordifolia 100mg
35 HIV patients two capsules twice-daily Mean CD4 count from 255 (Baseline) to 345 6 months 554 12 months 606 18 months
viral load 326,400 180,500 6 months 22,000 12 months
Potential in the area of stress relief, anti-inflammation and normalizing cortisol levels.
Sold as DefensePlus
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One HIV patient
Holy Basil, Thymol from Bishop's Weed, Chebulic myrabian dose 1000-15000mg/da for six weeks
Viral load 176,747 - 39,977 CD4 98 - 132
**
PROLINE-RICH-POLYPEPTIDE....transfer factor..looked like study was poorly controlled
PRP oral spray products were shown to boost T-cell(CD4) levels in Africa study 20% with large drop in viral load in seven patients
Spray products: Isamune, Cytolog, Immulox, Viralox
**
Stimulate GM-CSF in bone marrow
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb
Angelicase Sinensis
**
Thymus
Arginine stimulates thymic function. Adding lysine will increase this.
**
Once a FIV virus enters the cell it is possible resistance to any or all drugs and herbs may occur. This leads to a treatment strategy which tries to block attachment and entry of virus into the cell. This is before life-cycle of FIV virus begins.
The primary immune defect in FIV is the decline in CD4 cell number and function. Evidence of the latter includes decreases in delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to recall antigens, decreases in lymphoproliferative responses and decreased production of TH1 cytokine (IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-12).
Quillaja Saponaria is an adujvant to Felv vaccine and other vaccines. It performs immunomodulation which is characterized by an increase in the appearance of the cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma and slows progression of disease.
Saponin is able to increase antibody and cell-mediated immune responses against FIV. It stimulates interleukin-12 and its effects on antibody response; influences the production of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b antibodies and stimulates activation of antigen-presenting cells. IL-12 is also known as a natural killer cell stimulatory factor.
Purchase Soap Bark in powder form. It has not been tested use to FIV. Don't use if stomach intestine is injured.
Soap Bark (Quillaja Saponaria) will increase CD4+ and CD8+ counts
Worldwide uses are for bronchitis, cough, AIDS, diuretic, Epstein-Barr, soap, stimulant
Adding Soap Bark creates a strategy which tries to block entry of FIV virus and once virus enters cell to slow life-cycle progress.
RESTORES IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS
Poppy Seed (Papaver somniferum linn)... culinary herb..
Papaveracea species contain the alkaloid papaverine.
In a trial of a limited number of patients, recovery of immunological responsiveness was noted after administering papaverine orally for four weeks. This also was associated with a 50% improvement in their absolute T4 cell counts. Papaverine inhibits the expression of HIV proteins. (There was never a trial using poppy seed)
Shiitake(Lentinus edodes)
Life Cycle.....Fusion
Augments the production of IL-2 and increases activities of macrophages and lymphocytes. Different positive biological effects are known (anticarcinogenic, anticholesterol, immunostimulating effects). Causes proliferation of bone marrow cells.
Contains mineral concentrations of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, copper, strontium, manganese and zinc. Inhibits the replication of Human immunodeficiency virus. Blocks infectious herpes simplex. Has been known to have antiviral and immunopotentiating activities in vivo and vitro.
Beta 1,3 glucan
Effective for immune bolstering, immune dysfunction.
Has been shown to enhance macrophage function and to increase nonspecific host resistance to a variety of bacteria, virual, fungal, and parastic infections. It releases colony stimulating factor and increases bone marrow production.
Beta 1,3 glucan should be taken between meals.
Beta 1,3 glucan is isolated from the membranes of Baker's yeast. It is destroyed in Brewers yeast because of heating above 140 degrees. Shiitake mushrooms contain Beta 1,3 glucan.
FIV GENE INHIBITORS
Blocking of FIV genes may be another method of dealing with the virus.
Isatis root......................inhibits tat gene
VitalPet.......................................inhibits vpr gene
VitalPet contains procaine HCL that breaks down into vitamin B. Don't confuse the other VitalPet that is just vitamins. vitalpet is the pet version of GH3.
MISCELLANEOUS
There are some HIV inhibitors that do not fall neatly in the HIV Life-cycle.
Lysozyme
Lysozymes makes up a large class of enzymes involved in the breakdown of bacterial and viral cell walls. It is also a regulator of IL-2.
I saw on the internet a capsule for sale broken down between Lysozme, Lactoferrin, Colostrum. This should be given twice a day. In one capsule it makes treatment easier.
Pine cones(pinus parviflora)
Shows anti-HIV activity by preventing the binding of gp120 to the CD4 receptor. Contains polysaccharides that attach themselves to T-cell membranes and block the invasion of the AIDS virus. Macrophages and granulocytes are stimulated by the polysaccharides and scavenge viruses before they can attack T-cells.
Pine cone extract is used as a folk remedy for prevention of stomach cancer in Japan. Research has shown that it indirectly brings about the destruction of cancer cells. Vitro studies have also demonstrated valuable effectiveness against human leukemia cell cultures.
HIV replication by Pinus Parviflora pine cones inhibited by 95%. It is considered an ideal therapeutic agent for the treatment of AIDS.
I found only one distributor on the internet by accessing "MATSU EXTRACT" on infoseek.
Rooibos Tea(Aspalathus linearis)
Life Cycle....Fusion
A polysaccharide that almost completely inhibited the binding of HIV-1. Rooibos tea contains natural antioxidants and scavenging agents.
Red Marine Algae(Dumontiaceae)
Life Cycle....virus absorption
It is a sulphated polysacchoride. These compounds are targeted at the interaction between the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 and the CD4 receptor. They may also directly interfere with the binding of HIV particles of the cell surface.
Red algae contains carrageenan which has immunomodulatory effect causing lymphocytes to release IL-2. Carrageenan is a sulphated monsaccharide.
Presently Dumontiaceae is used for treatment of herpes viruses. Red Algae is a super food with abundance of vitamins, minerals and trace elements. This helps increase immune system response. Dumontiaceae is known for its regulating and balancing properties. Its balancing powers support the immune system and general organ functions to counteract degenerative conditions. It is particularly helpful for people who suffer from chronic ailments.
There is a claim that while sulphated polysacchoride inhibits HIV in vitro it oes not in vivo. This may be true but it is still good as a food supplement. Few studies have been done on algae and their benefits. I feel that this red algae will help with wasting problem. Red algae contains vitamins A, C, D, E, B complex, B12, calcium. It is used in macrobiotic diet that has come to this country from Japan.
Since carrageenan is a sulphated monosaccharide which is a smaller molecular weight than sulphated polysacchoride it should be absorbed.
Glucosamine Sulfate
This is another sulphated monosaccharide that blocks HIV. Use capsule form manufactured by Jarrow Formulas. It does not contain Dicalcium Phosphate and is sodium-free. Quality of herbs is important and in this case absorbability. Some people with drug toxicity problem are using this product.
Chrysin
Life Cycle....virus adsorption
Chrysin is a flavonoid, a potent inhibitor of HIV growth. Use it three months, twice a year. Its side effect is the inhibition of estrogen. Chrysin is used by body builders.
Nettles or Stinging Nettle(Urtica dioica)
Life Cycle....Fusion
Contains chlorophyll, vitamin C, A, potassium, protein. Traditional use: asthma, urinary inflammations, anemia and weakness, diarrhea.
Hyssop(Hyssopus officinalis)
Life Cycle....Glycosylation Glycosylation is one step before assembly and release. Hyssop inhibits HIV infectivity and it is also a reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
Cinnamon-Basil(Ocimum basilicum)....culinary herb
Winter Savory(Satureja montana).....culinary herb Life Cycle....Reverse transcriptase....... Many long-term HIV survivors used spices.
Lemon Balm(Melissa officinalis)
Life Cycle....Reverse transcriptase
Lemon Balm may help relieve overadrenal expression which creates cortisol.
Olive Leaf
Life Cycle....Reverse transcriptase
Inhibits herpes, some bacteria and parasitic protozoans.
Vitamin C.... ascorbic acid
Brings excess cortisol created by HIV into balance.
Lesions caused by the AIDS virus involves disruption of physiologically balanced responses to stressors, effectively creating a state of chronic relative cortisol excess. Such a state inhibits successful anti-pathogen strategies including those directed against the AIDS virus itself and leads to a self-sustaining downhill clinical course.
Excess cortisol maybe one of the side effects of long-term use of Protease drugs.
Vitamin C does fall into Life-cycle as an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase.
One trial showed 300 micrograms/ml ascorbate resulted in approximately 5- to 10-fold lowering of the extra-cellular RT levels.
Another trial showed that it reduced the levels of extracellular reverse transcriptase (RT) activity by greater than 99% and of p24 antigen by 90% in culture.
DHEA(Dehydroepiandrosterone)
Use: Wasting, mildly inhibits HIV.
Androstenedione...androgen
Androstenediol....androgen
19-Norandrostenedione...androgen
These three androgens are used for wasting and body building. They increase testosterone levels. 5-Androstenediol has minimum inhibition of cortisol. Body builders take these androgens a few weeks on and a few weeks off because of minor side effects. In dealing with AIDS you should use your judgment on scheduling treatment. Side effects include acne, headaches, mood swings and depression. These side effects seem minor in terms of AIDS. Strong steroids like Anadrol 50 on the other hand can damage the liver.
Androstenetriol
Use: Wasting, inhibits cortisol and anti-viral.
Whey
Whey is a protein for wasting. DAAIR sells the Next Nutrition product, which is fortified with extra glutamine. Whey contains vitamin b, b12. Product inhibits HIV replication and reduces premature cell death.
CLA(Conjugated Linoleic Acid)
Use: Wasting
Athletes use supplemantation to enhance lean body mass and decrease body fat. Was shown to reduce the adverse effects induced by immune stimulation, to enhance growth, improve blood lipid profiles. CLA affects metabolism, energy retention and balance between body fat and lean body mass. It directs the body to use fat reserves for energy. It is also a antioxidant and anticarcinogen.
Iceland moss (Cetraria islandica)
Use: Wasting
Life Cycle....Reverse transcriptase
Iceland moss is often used in respiratory catarrh and bronchitis, soothing mucous membranes. Its nourishing qualities contribute to the treatment of cachexia, a state of malnourishment and debility. Excessive doses may induce nausea and looseness of the bowels, while ordinary doses improves the appetite, digestion and general nutrition.
A study shows that Iceland moss contains protolichesterinic acid as HIV-1 RT inhibitor that involves nonspecific binding to the enzyme at nonsubstrate binding sites. Another study shows it be immunostimulating.
THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN AIDS MANAGEMENT
The symptoms like wasting will need to be treated. NAC is one herb that is used. Try Chrysin to increase testosterone. 5-Androstenediol, DHEA and whey are herbs sometimes used for wasting. Brewers yeast contains vitamin B complex which is sometimes used. Vitamin C a nutrient should be added along with CLA. CLA is used to keep metabolism in balance. Olive Leaf should used against cytomegalovirus which is a common opportunistic infection. Use Bromelain to help break down protein in the digestive system as absorption problem may be caused by FIV. If protein is not properly digested, it cannot be utilized by the body to build and repair tissue such as muscles, blood, bone, skin and internal organs.
In one study a mixture of glutamine, arginine and HMB showed good results on weight gain. You can add this to other treatment a few times a week.
In another study DHEA and Melatonin (MLT) could prevent immune dysfunction, excessive lipid peroxidation, and tissue Vitamin E loss induced by retrovirus infection. Adding Vitamin E to wasting formula is a good idea. Using DHEA with Melatonin is another good idea. What is not a good idea is the excessive dosage used for Vitamin C that creates diarrhea and damages cells. In AIDS three times recommended normal dosage for a cat is probably required because of poor absorption and malnutrition created.
Two distinctive patterns of weight loss have been identified in HIV disease. Slow progressive weight loss appears to be primarily associated with gastrointestinal disturbance and inadequate caloric intake, while rapid episodic weight loss followed by periods of weight gain is associated with the development and resolution of systemic infections.
In HIV or FIV the body switches to preferring to metabolize protein over fat. You may want your veterinarian to use anabolic steriods. They help the body retain dietary protein. Anadrol 50 is a steriod that some HIV AIDS patients are using. More than half the cats that have AIDS are dying from wasting. This wasting treatment would be the first step on to recovery. By the time FIV is identified in most cats the infection is already in an advanced stage. This disease is usually recognized by loss of weight.
AIDS-related wasting differs qualitatively from starvation. In starvation, the body's protein stores and muscle mass are conserved while basic metabolic rates slow and fat deposits are broken down for energy. During AIDS, the reverse happens. Metabolic rates are elevated, and lean body mass decreases as the protein in muscles and other tissues is metabolized. Another phenomenon seen in AIDS-related wasting is progressive muscle weakness (myopathy), a poorly understood condition that may be caused by the virus itself.
Unfortunately, in AIDS-related wasting, eating more does not ensure recovery as it does in starvation. With wasting, AIDS acts like any chronic disease. The body mobilizes its resources to meet the needs of emergency immune response and repair critical damaged tissue. This response, which includes breaking down existing cellular protein, is appropriate in the short-run but becomes literally self-destructive when extended in reaction to a chronic stressor like FIV.
Tumor necrosis factor and a number of other immune system activation chemicals(cytokines) as well as changes in hormonal balance, such as increased production of cortisol are thought to influence the shift to a wasting mode.
NAC is used to inhibit tumor necrosis factor. VitalPet, 5-Androstenediol are used to inhibit cortisol. Vitamin C will bring cortisol into balance. DHEA levels are reduced because of AIDS. The supplement DHEA is used to counter this problem. Anabolic steriods convert to testosterone and create lean body muscle that is lost because of AIDS. I have found that wasting may be the most important problem that needs to be corrected in dealing with AIDS. Adequate nutrition is also essential in dealing with this problem, so I added brewers yeast and whey to my formula of wasting treatment. Brewers yeast helps restore immune responsiveness. Whey protein, a byproduct of cheese manufacturing, is the most bioavailable protein known. CLA will serve the same purpose as human growth hormone does with HIV infection in keeping metabolism in balance and using fat as an energy resource before using lean body mass. Two abstracts on medline show Vitamin C, NAC, DHEA as both FIV and HIV inhibitors.
Nutrients vitamin A, B6, B12 should be included for providing nutritional support. The direct effect of B6 supplementation causes deficient natural killer cell activity and mitogen stimulation. In patients, vitamin B12 loss was specifically correlated with CD4+ loss and disease progression, while B12 supplementation in deficient patients was positively correlated with CD4+ stabilization. In addition, deficiencies in vitamins B12 and A were correlated with disease progression, while B6 and B12 deficiencies were strongly related to the onset of some neuropsychological problems.
Do not use Beta-carrotene for a cat as it does not convert into vitamin A. Nutritional therapy is an important adjunct in the clinical care of patients. Nutritional health affects both cell mediated (T-cell) and humoral (B-cell) immune function. Use these supplements twice or three times a week. Along with them use Black Walnut to deal with the bacteria in the stomach and diarrhea that occurs with wasting and malnutrition. Beta 1,3 glucan and Garlic can help in dealing with opportunistic infections which can trigger rapid losses in weight that are difficult to recover.
Clearly, the first thing to do in preventing wasting is to treat any opportunistic infection present. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease, for example, will greatly accelerate wasting. Diseases of the digestive tract also are a prime cause of weight loss because they may cause eating difficulties, nausea, diarrhea and reduction in nutrient absorption. Disruption of the gut may result from infections with CMV, mycobacterium avium (MAC), salmonella, cryptosporidium or microsporidium. In some cases there is no apparent pathogen, and FIV itself may be the culprit.
TREATING SOME OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
Besides the antibiotics that the veterinarian can give, some herbs can be used for the following infections:
Gastrointestinal disorders:
use Glutamine supplements.
Glutamine falls with disease in circumstances associated with increases in blood corticosteroids.
Yeast infections:
Yeast live on moist areas of the body, such as the lining of the mouth, in the respiratory tract (bronchocandidiasis) and on the skin (dermatocandidiasis).
Pau d'arco, Goldenseal can be used for the yeast infection candida. Don't use Goldenseal for more than a week at a time.
Mainstream medicine treats yeast infections with antifungal medications. Nystatin (Mycostatin) and miconazole (Monistat) have become available over the counter.
Fungal Infections which candida is an example can be treated with Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon).
Inflammatory Bowel Disease:
Over 50 percent of lymphocyte cells are created in the bowel and some are infected with FIV. Psyllium (Plantago ovata) has the ability to absorb fluids also makes it useful for treating diarrhea. Green tea, Garlic is also useful for bowel disease.
Intestinal Parasities:
Papaya (Carica papaya), Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua), and Cubeb (Piper cubeba) which is a spice can be used for this opportunistic infection.
Herpes Virus:
More than 70 percent of cats have herpes virus, There are more than ninety viruses that belong to a family of animal viruses called herpes virdae. Of this family of viruses, four are known to be important to humans. Varicella-zoster causes chickenpox and shingles(does not occur in cats); Epstein-Barr causes infectious mononucleosis; cytomegalovirus (CMV) often is carried without producing any symptoms but compromises immune system.
Symptoms cats may exhibit are runny eyes and upper respiratory signs. The conventional treatment is L-lysine. A new extract "Grapefruit Seed" I discovered from reading "The Encylopedia of Natural PETCARE". Grapefruit seed is antimicrobial. It stops Diarrhea, Gingivitis, Candida Yeast, Parasities, Herpes. The other herbs good for herpes is Olive Leaf, Colostrum.
PET FOOD
See www.api4animals.org/petfood
Besides medical, best therapy for wasting is food. There are four broad categories of nutrients. The highest priority is adequate water intake, because no bodily processes can function without appropriate hydration. The next priority is sufficient calories to supply fuel for energy. Without enough energy, the body will be unable to transport and process protein. The third priority is sufficient protein to supply the body's structural building blocks and chemical control agents (enzymes). Finally, there are vitamins and minerals, which the body cannot put to specific chemical use without enough of the first three categories of nutrients. One study showed that giving one months vitamin supplements did not effect the outcome on mortality. Once the body loses a certain amount of weight and mass death sets in.
